Grundlagen des Rechts (Vorlesungen 2025/2026)

S03-E12: Sozialverfassung, Industriekapitalismus und Wohlfahrtsstaat nach der Reichsgründung

Florian Meinel — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:55:24 GMT

SE01-E09: Soziale Sicherheit: Varianten des Wohlfahrtsstaates

Florian Meinel — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 16:56:17 GMT

S01-E08: Eigentum und Staat: Privatrecht, Märkte und politische Herr-schaft

Florian Meinel — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 16:55:33 GMT

S01-E07: 7 Politische Gleichheit, Ungleichheit, Diversität

Florian Meinel — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 15:36:03 GMT

S01-E06: Politische Rede und politische Öffentlichkeiten

Florian Meinel — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 15:25:08 GMT

S03-E11: Der lange Weg zum Parlamentarischen System

Florian Meinel — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 15:22:43 GMT

SE01-E05: Wahlsysteme und Parteiensysteme

Florian Meinel — Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:20:02 GMT

Wahlsysteme

SE03-E10: Die Demokratisierung des Konstitutionalismus

Florian Meinel — Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:16:49 GMT

Demokratisierung

SE03-E09: Der Dualismus als Hegemon: Preußen und die Reichseinigung

Florian Meinel — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 19:40:33 GMT

Verfassungsgeschichte 1848-1866

S01-E04: Demokratie und Repräsentation

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 14:22:26 GMT

The conversation delves into the concept of the state, legitimate authority, and the institutionalization of political power through constitutions. It then explores the idea of political representation, the crisis of representation in democracy, and the duality of sovereignty and representation. The complexity of representation is further examined, including its multifaceted meaning and the concept of substantive representation as the perception of certain interests in politics. The conversation delves into the multifaceted concept of representation in democracy, exploring its democratic ideals, authorization of power, function in political systems, and contentious issues of exclusion and inclusion. It also examines the architectural symbolism and challenges of representation in different political systems. The conversation delves into the complexities of representation in the German Bundestag, highlighting underrepresentation, career background, challenges, patriarchy, and structural inequalities. It explores the impact of these factors on the political landscape and the broader societal implications.

Takeaways

Understanding the duality of sovereignty and representation in political order
Exploring the multifaceted and complex nature of political representation Representation encompasses trust, authorization of power, and inherent criteria for democratic representation.
Architectural symbolism in parliamentary design reflects the visual representation of political power and symbolism in different political systems. Underrepresentation in politics
Impact of patriarchy and privilege on representation

Chapters

00:00 The Concept of State and Legitimate Authority
15:00 The Duality of Sovereignty and Representation
21:28 The Complexity of Representation
38:55 The Concept of Representation in Democracy
46:02 Representation and the Function of Political Systems
55:15 Architectural Symbolism in Representation
01:00:50 Contentious Issues in Representation
01:06:41 Challenges of Representation in Political Systems
01:15:02 Underrepresentation and Career Background
01:23:46 Challenges of Representation
01:29:11 Patriarchy and Privilege

S01-E03: Revolutionen und Verfassungen

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 14:21:44 GMT

The conversation delves into the dual nature of the state, the challenges in securing political order, and the role of constitutions in legitimizing political power. It explores the stability of political order and the acceptance of political power, as well as the types of legitimacy and the concept of rational legitimacy in the context of the rule of law. The conversation delves into the concept of rational legitimacy belief, the formation of constitutions, the role of constitutions in legitimacy, the proclamation of constitutions, and the constitution as a political document. It explores the sociological and philosophical complexities of rational legitimacy belief and its relationship with the modern state, as well as the significance of constitutions in establishing and maintaining legitimacy in governance. The conversation delves into the multifaceted nature of constitutions, highlighting their role as state-building promises and their hybrid status as legal and political instruments. It explores the global significance of constitutions, challenges misconceptions about their cultural basis, and emphasizes their critical perspective. The discussion also addresses the democratic challenges posed by constitutions and provides literature recommendations for further exploration.

Takeaways

Dual nature of the state
Stability of political order
Legitimacy of political power Rational legitimacy belief
Formation of constitutions
Role of constitutions in legitimacy
Proclamation of constitutions
Constitution as a political document Verfassungen als Staatsgründungsversprechen
Verfassungen als hybride Institutionen

Chapters

00:00 The Dual Nature of the State
17:03 The Role of Constitutions
36:06 Rational Legitimacy Belief
42:36 Role of Constitutions in Legitimacy
56:43 Constitution as a Political Document
01:05:48 The Promise of Constitutions
01:13:05 Global Significance of Constitutions
01:26:37 The Ambivalence of Constitutions
01:33:05 The Democratic Challenge of Constitutions

S01-E02: Die Revolution der Rechte: Inklusion und Exklusion

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 14:21:06 GMT

The lecture begins with an introduction to the semester and a discussion on the political dimension of rules. It then delves into the concept of the state, focusing on its territorial and political aspects. The subsequent chapters explore the state as a territorial entity, its borders, sovereignty, and functions, as well as the relationship between the state and its people, including the concept of the nation and representation of the state through its people. The conversation delves into the radical concept of the state as a union of individuals seeking a common representative, introduced by Hobbes. It explores the emergence of the modern state concept, the dualism of the state's territorial and personal aspects, and the significance of state citizenship and nationality. The discussion also highlights the inclusion and exclusion dynamics within the state, shedding light on the complex relationship between human rights and the state concept. The conversation delves into the complex issues of statelessness, political association, and the implications of territorial and personal sovereignty. It explores the case of Palestine, the question of statehood and human rights, and the intersection of political association and statehood. The discussion also highlights the challenges and implications of statelessness and the concept of territorial and personal sovereignty.

Takeaways

Political Dimension of Rules
State as a Territorial Entity The concept of the state as a union of individuals seeking a common representative is a radical and new idea introduced by Hobbes.
The modern concept of the state as a legal and political relationship between individuals, defining a political unity, is a significant departure from previous political structures. Statelessness and its implications
The intersection of political association and statehood

Chapters

00:00 Introduction to the Semester
24:11 The State as a Territorial Entity
33:29 The State and its People
39:36 The State as a Union of Individuals
47:03 The Emergence of the Modern State Concept
56:44 Inclusion and Exclusion in the State: Territorial and Personal Dimensions
01:10:01 The Question of Statehood and Human Rights
01:19:36 Statelessness and Political Association
01:30:12 Territorial and Personal Sovereignty

S01-E01: Einführung: Recht, das Politische und der Staat

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 14:19:44 GMT

The conversation begins with a warm welcome and a discussion about the transition to university life, highlighting the uncertainty and cognitive openness that comes with this phase. It then transitions to an introduction to the political side of law, exploring the question of whether law is political and examining the political nature of legal norms. The conversation delves into the political dimension of law and its role in shaping our perception of the social world. It explores the relationship between law and politics, the authorization of political actions, the definition of the state, the collective dimension of human freedom, and the role of law in political action. The conversation delves into the ideological dimension of law and politics, emphasizing the importance of understanding the political foundations of state and law for aspiring jurists. It also provides an overview of the course and its structure, setting the stage for the topics to be covered.

Takeaways

Transition to University Life
Embracing Uncertainty The political dimension of law
The role of law in shaping our perception of the social world Political neutrality in law is crucial
Understanding the political foundations of state and law is essential for aspiring jurists

Chapters

00:00 Welcome and Transition to University Life
26:22 Introduction to the Political Side of Law
32:08 The Political Nature of Legal Norms
39:30 The Political Dimension of Law
47:41 Legal Authorization of Politics
53:09 The Political Theory of Law
01:01:25 The Role of Law in Political Action
01:11:02 Course Overview and Structure

SE03-E08: Die Revolution von 1848 und die Entstehung des konstitutionellen „Dualismus“

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 11:25:55 GMT

The conversation delves into the Tragedy of German Bourgeoisie, the Nationalization Process, the Revolution of 1848, Unrest in Germany, the Baden Landtag and the National Assembly, the Frankfurt Parliament and the Reich Constitution, the Failure of the Revolution, and an exploration of Historical Failure. It provides insights into the pivotal moment of the Revolution of 1848 and the factors contributing to its failure. The conversation delves into the challenges faced by revolutionary movements, the impact of industrialization on social structure, and the interplay of revolution and the social question. It also explores the role of the social question in constitutional theory and the signs of social unrest before the revolution. Additionally, it discusses the national movement and the social question, as well as the Preuß-Verfassung in the Revolutionszeit 48-49. The conversation methodically explores the Prussian constitution, highlighting its dualistic nature and the significant budget conflict that arose. It delves into the complexities of the constitution and the challenges it posed, shedding light on the political and legal implications of the Prussian constitutional crisis.

Takeaways

Revolution of 1848 as a pivotal moment in German history
Factors contributing to the failure of the liberal revolution Revolutionary movements lacked military power and faced resistance from the state.
The social composition of the revolution was limited, and the emergence of the industrial working class posed a challenge to the liberal national movement. Preußen's constitutional crisis and the budget conflict
The dualistic nature of the Prussian constitution

Chapters

00:00 The Tragedy of German Bourgeoisie
07:15 The Baden Landtag and the National Assembly
21:09 The Failure of the Revolution
30:11 Challenges of Revolutionary Movements
35:31 The Role of Social Question in Constitutional Theory
42:50 The Pre-Revolutionary Signs of Social Unrest
48:09 The National Movement and the Social Question
55:23 The Preuß-Verfassung in the Revolutionszeit 48-49
01:01:43 The Prussian Constitution and Grundrechtseingriffe
01:17:24 The Preußischer Budgetkonflikt

SE03-E07: Nationen, Nationalisierung, Nationalismus

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 11:25:13 GMT

The conversation delves into the intricate relationship between Verfassung (constitution) and Nation, exploring the historical context and implications of this connection. It also examines the process of nationalization and the emergence of the idea of the nation as a key theme in the development of modern society. The conversation delves into the ideologization of the nation, its diverse notions, types of national states, the formation of national states, unifying national states, German nationalism and liberalism, and the Wiener Kongress and the German Bund. It explores the nation as a vehicle for ideology and as a central instance of democratization, providing insights into the historical and political significance of these themes. The conversation methodically explores the themes of landständische Verfassung vs. Repräsentativverfassung, the conflict in the German states post-1815, the Vormärz period, the tension between conservative forces and the bourgeois movement, the role of the workers' movement and socialism in Germany, and the central themes of the liberal constitution movement, focusing on the concepts of Verfassung and Nation.

Takeaways

Verfassung und Nation: The relationship between constitution and nation is a complex and fundamental issue in constitutional history.
Nationalization: The process of nationalization and the emergence of the idea of the nation are key themes in the development of modern society. Nation as a vehicle for ideology
Nation as a central instance of democratization Landständische Verfassung vs. Repräsentativverfassung
Konfliktlinie in den deutschen Staaten ab 1815
Vormärz als eine interessante und prägende Zeit in der deutschen Geschichte
Spannung zwischen konservativen Kräften und bürgerlicher Bewegung
Verfassung und Nation als zentrale Themen der liberalen Verfassungsbewegung

Chapters

00:00 Introduction to Verfassungsproblem
12:11 Nationalization and Nation Building
29:24 The Ideologization of Nation
34:26 Types of National States
49:08 The Wiener Kongress and the German Bund
01:05:02 Verfassung und Nation als zentrale Themen der liberalen Verfassungsbewegung

SE03-E06: Verfassungen und die Entstehung des Verwaltungsstaates

Florian Meinel — Thu, 04 Jun 2026 11:21:34 GMT

The conversation delves into the reform movements in 18th-century Europe, focusing on the political dynamics and reform projects in various states. It then explores the impact of the French Revolution on German states, leading to a fundamental crisis and the formation of the Rheinbund. This period saw significant changes in governance and administration, influenced by the revolutionary ideas of the time. The conversation methodically explores the Bavarian Constitution of 1808, highlighting its unique character and emphasis on administrative reform. It then delves into the Prussian reforms of the 1810s, discussing the context of financial crisis and the need to address revolutionary threats. The conversation delves into the liberalization and self-governance in Prussian cities, the impact of Prussian reforms on social and economic structure, and the challenges and consequences of these reforms. It also explores the neofeudal impact of Prussian reforms and the overall reform process in Prussia.

Takeaways

Reform movements in 18th-century Europe
The impact of the French Revolution on German states Bavarian constitution of 1808: A unique and innovative approach to governance
Prussian reforms of the 1810s: A response to financial crisis and revolutionary threat Liberalization and self-governance in Prussian cities
Impact of Prussian reforms on social and economic structure

Chapters

00:00 Reform Movements in 18th-Century Europe
07:41 The Impact of the French Revolution on German States
32:05 Bavarian Constitution of 1808
40:27 Prussian Reforms of the 1810s
01:02:17 Liberalization and Self-Governance in Prussian Cities
01:07:30 Prussian Reforms and Their Impact
01:14:44 The Challenge of Prussian Reforms
01:23:35 The Prussian Reform Process

SE03-E05: Konstitutionalismus und Kolonialismus

Florian Meinel — Sat, 16 May 2026 10:32:03 GMT

The lecture explores the evolution of the modern concept of constitution, its relationship with colonialism, and the structural and political connections between constitutionalism and colonialism. It delves into the paradox of the modern constitution, the compatibility of constitutionalism and colonialism, and the dual nature of constitutional demands. The lecture also discusses the relationship between constitutionalism and imperialism, as well as the normative exception of colonies in constitutional texts. The conversation delves into the historical context of colonial taxation, the European discourse on civilization and colonial exception, the global classification system for cultures and individuals, the colonial narrative of superiority and domination, and the relationship between colonialism, constitution, and imperialism. It also explores the case study of constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire, highlighting the unique perspective and local grammar of rights and justice in the Islamic tradition. The conversation delves into the historical context of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876, liberal constitution movements in Iran, and the impact of World War I on the Levant. It explores the influence of Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points, the emergence of neocolonialism, and the Syrian Declaration of Independence. The discussion concludes with insights into anticolonial movements and the lessons learned from imperial intervention.

Takeaways

The historical correlation between constitutionalism and colonialism reveals a complex and ambivalent relationship.
The modern concept of constitution exhibits a dual nature, with a universalist claim and a particular application in practice. Colonial taxation and the King's Bench decision shaped the constitutional powers of the King in colonies
The European discourse on civilization produced a colonial narrative of superiority and domination
Colonialism as a system of classification and subjugation led to the global classification system for cultures and individuals
The Ottoman Empire's constitutional movement reflected a unique perspective and local grammar of rights and justice in the Islamic tradition Impact of Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
Neocolonialism and Imperial Interests

Chapters

00:00 The Evolution of the Modern Concept of Constitution
08:01 The Structural and Political Connection Between Constitutionalism and Colonialism
17:00 The Dual Nature of Constitutional Demands
27:59 Colonial Taxation and King's Bench Decision
40:02 Colonialism, Constitution, and Global Classification
45:45 Colonialism as a System of Classification and Subjugation
01:01:04 The Ottoman Constitution of 1876
01:06:35 Syria and Lebanon in World War I
01:12:25 Syrian Independence Declaration
01:19:34 Syrian Declaration of Independence
01:29:34 Anticolonial Movements and Lessons Learned

SE03-E04: Die politische Ökonomie der Revolutionsverfassungen

Florian Meinel — Thu, 07 May 2026 09:49:24 GMT

The lecture explores the concept of revolution and its impact on the evolution of the constitution. It delves into the transformation of the revolution and constitution concepts, emphasizing the shift from a return to order to a vision for the future. The discussion also highlights the economic perspective of constitutional history, focusing on the influence of the industrial revolution and the ideas of Adam Smith. The conversation delves into the historical and ideological underpinnings of constitutional development, linking it to the emergence of a new economic reality. It explores the intertwining of economic and constitutional concepts, emphasizing the role of property rights, taxation, and the evolution of the state's financial infrastructure. The discussion highlights the economic liberation aspect of revolutionary constitutions and their impact on political and economic rights. The conversation delves into the intersection of political and economic freedom, the impact of revolutionary constitutions on society, and the emergence of socialism as a critique of the revolution's economic system. It also explores the relationship between political and economic rights, the role of constitutions in shaping society, and the formation of conservative and socialist movements in response to the revolution's economic consequences.

Takeaways

Revolution and constitution concepts evolved from a return to order to a vision for the future.
The economic perspective of constitutional history, influenced by the industrial revolution and Adam Smith's ideas, played a significant role in shaping modern constitutional thought. Economic and constitutional concepts are deeply intertwined
Revolutionary constitutions embody an economic liberation project Political and economic freedom are intertwined, with revolutionary constitutions aiming to create economically independent and politically free citizens.
The emergence of socialism as a critique of the revolution's economic system and the formation of conservative movements in response to the economic consequences of the revolution.

Chapters

00:00 Evolution of Revolution and Constitution Concepts
05:32 Fundamental Change in Revolution and Constitution Concepts
29:56 The Emergence of a New Economic Reality
38:25 Historical Context and the Coercion-Extraction Cycle
48:13 Constitutional Ideals and the Grammars of Capitalism
56:18 Revolutionary Constitutions: Political and Economic Liberation
01:06:09 Conservative and Socialist Movements

SE03-E03: Verfassungsbegriffe der Revolutionen, Revolution des Verfassungsbegriffs

Florian Meinel — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 10:31:30 GMT

The conversation delves into the historical context of constitutional development, focusing on key events such as the Haitian Revolution, the Polish May Constitution, and the American Declaration of Independence. It explores the themes of revolution, sovereignty, and the emergence of written constitutions. The conversation delves into the historical context and development of the American and French constitutions, highlighting the revolutionary situations, the formation of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Philadelphia Convention, and the Federalist Papers. It also explores the influence of the French Revolution and the role of the third estate in shaping the constitution. The conversation explores the evolution of the concept of constitution and its relationship with revolution, highlighting the transformative impact of the French Revolution on the understanding of constitutions. It delves into the shift from a traditional view of constitution as a set of rules to a revolutionary concept of constitution as a new order and a utopian vision for the future. The discussion also touches on the comparison between the American and French Revolutions, the failure of the French Constitution, and the historical significance of the revolutionary concept of constitution.

Takeaways

Revolutionary movements led to the emergence of written constitutions in various regions.
The Haitian Revolution, the Polish May Constitution, and the American Declaration of Independence are pivotal in the development of constitutional history. Revolutionary situations shape the formation of constitutions
The role of the third estate in shaping the French constitution Evolution of Constitution: The conversation traces the evolution of the concept of constitution from a traditional set of rules to a revolutionary vision of a new order and a utopian future.
Impact of French Revolution: The French Revolution transformed the understanding of constitutions, giving rise to a revolutionary concept of constitution as a means to create a new and better society.
Comparison of Revolutions: A comparison between the American and French Revolutions highlights the differing approaches to constitution-making and the implications of these approaches.
Failure of the French Constitution: The discussion explores the failure of the French Constitution and the factors that led to its radicalization and eventual collapse.
Significance of Revolutionary Concept: The revolutionary concept of constitution has historical significance and represents a shift from a legal document to a vision for the future, shaping the understanding of constitutions in the context of revolution and societal transformation.

Chapters

00:00 The American Declaration of Independence and the Birth of a Nation
43:41 Ratification and the Federalist Papers
52:23 Influence of the French Revolution
01:14:39 The Impact of the Revolutionary Concept of Constitution

S03-E02: Verfassungsentwicklungen des 18. Jh.

Florian Meinel — Thu, 23 Apr 2026 07:56:31 GMT

The lecture covers the evolution of the modern constitution concept, the Westphalian Peace and its impact on state sovereignty, the legal and political implications of the Peace of Westphalia, its role in the foundation of modern international law, misconceptions and historical context, its impact on Germany and Europe, and the rise of the modern bourgeoisie and its role in state development. The conversation methodically explores the rise of the bourgeoisie, the impact of educational reform, the power of knowledge, the emergence of a public audience, the transition to constitutionalism, the constitutional ideals of the Enlightenment, the concept of representative power, the birth of constitutionalism, the evolution of political thought, and system competition and reform in the 18th century. The conversation delves into the concept of constitution, the influence of the Seven Years' War, the globalization of constitutional thinking, the modernization of war, reform strategies and legislation, the influence of Montesquieu's theory, the role of public opinion in modern warfare, constitution as a legitimization resource, the ambivalence of constitution, the evolution of constitution, the birth of modern constitutional law, the dual nature of constitution, and the contemporary impact of the Seven Years' War.

Takeaways

The Westphalian Peace served as a European constitution, establishing new state principles and shaping modern international law.
The rise of the modern bourgeoisie had significant social, economic, and political implications, influencing the development of constitutional ideas and supporting the centralized state. The 18th century saw the rise of the bourgeoisie and the decline of traditional power structures.
Educational reform and the spread of knowledge played a pivotal role in shaping the political landscape of the time. The Seven Years' War as a catalyst for the globalization of constitutional thinking
The ambivalence of constitution as a legitimization resource and a tool for critique

Chapters

00:00 The Evolution of the Modern Constitution Concept
11:12 The Westphalian Peace: Legal and Political Implications
17:14 The Westphalian Peace: Misconceptions and Historical Context
24:47 The Rise of the Modern Bourgeoisie
33:37 The Rise of the Bourgeoisie
39:53 The Emergence of a Public Audience
46:29 The Concept of Representative Power
55:08 The Evolution of Political Thought
01:03:33 The Concept of Constitution
01:09:10 The Modernization of War
01:14:35 Constitution as a Legitimization Resource
01:23:30 The Evolution of Constitution
01:32:19 The Contemporary Impact of the Seven Years' War

S03-E01: Die Entstehung des modernen Verfassungsbegriffs

Florian Meinel — Sat, 18 Apr 2026 12:39:51 GMT

Die Vorlesung behandelt die Verfassungsgeschichte und die Entstehung des modernen Staatsbegriffs in der frühen Neuzeit. Es wird die semantische Mehrdeutigkeit historischer Begriffe und ihre Bedeutung im historischen Kontext beleuchtet.

S02-E14: Nach der Gesellschaft: Was war die Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie?

Florian Meinel — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 19:07:13 GMT

S02-E13: Philosophie des Krieges und der Gewalt

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 21:12:25 GMT

S02-E12: Rechtsphilosophie als Anti-Sozialphilosophie: der libertäre Autoritarismus

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 21:12:06 GMT

S02-E11: Post- und dekoloniale Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 21:11:36 GMT

S02-E10: Insbesondere: feministische Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 21:11:14 GMT

S02-E09: Recht und die Konstruktion der Subjekte: Rechtsphilosophie der critical legal studies

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 17:52:57 GMT

S02-E08: Recht als Sozialverfassung II: Recht und die Reproduktion des Kapitals

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 17:35:31 GMT

S02-E07: "Sozialliberale" Theorien der Rechtfertigung von Recht

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 16:24:05 GMT

S02-E06: Rechtsphilosophie des amerikanischen legal realism

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 16:18:37 GMT

S02-E05: Sozialphilosophien des positiven Rechts

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 16:15:52 GMT

S02-E04: Recht als Sozialverfassung I: Recht als dialektische Verwirklichung der Freiheit (Hegel)

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 16:07:00 GMT

S02-E03: Kritische Vernunft und universelles Recht einer Weltgesellschaft (Kant)

Florian Meinel — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 16:06:24 GMT

S02-E02: Gründungstheorien der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft (Souveränität, Eigentum, Vertrag)

Florian Meinel — Fri, 06 Feb 2026 07:55:00 GMT

S02-E01: Einführung (Kafka): Was ist Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie?

Florian Meinel — Fri, 06 Feb 2026 07:54:09 GMT